...related organelles in plant cells that are...
...cell membranes or plant-like cell walls. Others...
...abnormal heart rhythms Plant Parasites Protist parasites...
...allows for new plant growth, which in...
...were once considered plant-like organisms; however, DNA...
...& lighter than plant seeds, but they...
...organic material, mainly plant material. Fungal exoenzymes...
...few cases, predators. Plant Parasites & Pathogens...
...& Pathogens Most plant pathogens are fungi...
...addition to destroying plant tissue directly, some...
...tissue directly, some plant pathogens spoil crops...
...skin & phyte plant, but they are...
...lignin, components of plant cell walls that...
...association between vascular plant roots & their...
...80-90% of all plant species have mycorrhizal...
...soil into the plant The plant supplies...
...the plant The plant supplies the products...
...& the host plant. Orchids rely on...
...from the parasitized plant to the fungus...
...between fungi & plant roots is essential...

...the spores Flowering plant (Potato) An underground...
...form a new plant Farmer’s use the...
...of a parent plant. Cuttings A stem...
...off a living plant It may be...
...a single parent plant. This is achieved...
...by using totiponent plant cells Totipotency is...
...property of a plant cell that allows...
...an entirely new plant from that one...
...medium that contains plant growth substances The...
...like a normal plant. ASEXUAL PROPAGATION OF...
...fungi and other plant pests A farmer...

...plants: Monoecious: the plant has both staminate...
...flowers imperfect. Hermaphroditic: plant with flowers perfect....
...organ of the plant. Inside the anther,...
...from the same plant fall on the...
...from the same plant. If the proteins...
...from a different plant. After fertilization: Fertilization...
...to germinate; other plant seeds are inhibited...
...to the developing plant but also turn...
...to the parent plant. Stems, leaves and...
...reproduction. If a plant is very well...
...from the parent plant. Shoot or stem...
...two plants. The plant that provides the...
...used to make plant hybrids from species...
...tissue culture techniques. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY “Biotechnology refers...
...into crops. Modern plant biotechnology uses techniques...

...PLANT DIVERSITY II: THE...
...Overview of Seed Plant Evolution Seed plants...
...eliminated from the plant life cycle? The...
...from the parent plant, it may be...
...our understanding of plant taxonomy is being...
...There are four plant phyla grouped as...
...autumn. Landscapers usually plant only male trees...
...the 1990s, most plant taxonomists divided the...
...brightly colored in plant species that are...
...coloration in wind-pollinated plant species. Neither the...
...on the parent plant. The cereal grains...
...on a sporophyte plant and culminates in...
...flowers of one plant to flowers of...
...flowers of another plant of the same...
...is termed coevolution. Pollinator-plant relationships are partly...
...many cases, a plant species may be...
...may pollinate many plant species. D. Plants...
...the harvest of plant products for human...
...and cultivating some plant species to provide...
...crops produced. 2. Plant diversity is a...
...population is extinguishing plant species at an...
...the loss of plant diversity. We depend...
...the 250,000 known plant species. Almost all...
...fewer than 5,000 plant species as potential...
...forests and other plant communities may be...

...or on decaying plant and animal material....
...Some are devastating plant pathogens. Many are...
...saprobes, particularly of plant material. About half...
...help protect the plant tissue from insects...
...wood and other plant materials. Of all...
...include particularly destructive plant parasites. The life...
...moist habitats, including plant sap and animal...
...mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi....
...surface of the plant roots. The fungus...
...soil for the plant, and the plant...
...plant, and the plant provides organic nutrients....
...for sexual reproduction. Plant growth without mycorrhizae...
...nutrients essential for plant growth. Without decomposers,...
...invertebrates break down plant litter or corpses....
...attack. Ethylene, a plant hormone that causes...

...One of five plant growth hormones Made...
...(the soil). Synthetic plant growth substances Definition:...
...control and regulate plant growth by imitating...
...by imitating natural plant growth substances. Several...

...which. Each pea plant has male (stamens)...
...pollen from one plant to another to...
...a heterogyzous pea plant (Pp) will produce...
...that an F2 plant will have a...
...between a white-flowered plant and a red-flowered...
...and a red-flowered plant will produce all...

...parts of a plant have chloroplasts, but...
...areas of the plant. A typical mesophyll...
...processes occur in plant cells. However, chloroplasts...
...used by the plant cell, while the...
...reduced in certain plant species without otherwise...
...might increase. Certain plant species have evolved...
...plants in 19 plant families, including sugarcane...
...far-reaching effects on plant species. Increasing CO2...
...in a given plant community. Which type...
...Which type of plant would stand to...
...and several other plant families. These plants...
...supplies the entire plant with chemical energy...
...cellular respiration in plant mitochondria. Some photosynthetic...
...cells in the plant body. There, sucrose...
...molecule in the plant and probably on...

...PLANT DIVERSITY II. THE...
...OVERVIEW OF SEED PLANT EVOLUTION The most...
...now the dominant plant form. There are...
...from a neighboring plant at the same...
...or based on plant natural products. Habitat...
...biggest threat to plant extinction. Chapter 32...

...PLANT DIVERSITY I: HOW...
...Overview of Land Plant Evolution 1. Evolutionary...
...to the “mother” plant which protects and...
...nutrients throughout the plant body. Most bryophytes...
...consists of a plant embryo packaged along...
...majority of modern-day plant species are flowering...
...the four land plant groups from their...
...on the parent plant Alternation of generations...
...internal tissues. Multicellular plant embryos develop from...
...division of a plant spore produces a...
...depend on the plant group. In bryophytes,...
...example, the fern plant that we typically...
...is a tiny plant on the forest...
...the forest floor. Plant spores are haploid...
...cuticle protects the plant from microbial attack....
...years ago. Fossilized plant spores are plentiful...
...of a land plant undergoes mitosis to...
...or pathogens. 4. Plant taxonomists are reevaluating...
...boundaries of the plant kingdom The taxonomy...
...phylogenetic analyses revolutionize plant relationships. The classification...
...branching within the plant kingdom to identify...
...name the major plant clades. Even “deeper”...
...the whole land plant clade from its...
...Viridiplantae. 5. The plant kingdom is monophyletic...
...land. Because the plant kingdom is monophyletic,...
...as the various plant phyla diversified from...
...independently early in plant evolution, before the...
...of all modern plant groups. Liverworts have...
...Cooksonia, an extinct plant over 400 million...
...earliest known vascular plant. Its fossils are...
...and more complex plant. For example, the...
...from the parent plant. Spores can be...